ABSTRACT
The WD40 transcription factor family is a gene superfamily widely found in eukaryotes, which is closely related to plant growth and development regulation. It has been reported that the WD40 transcription factor was involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, which is one of the vital components of safflower flavonoid compounds. In this study, 40 CtWD40 members in the safflower genome were identified though bioinformatics tools and gene expression analysis methods. According to the WD40 protein sequence and phylogenetic characteristics of Arabidopsis and other plants, the safflower CtWD40 family was classified into 7 subfamilies. Conservative motif analysis was used to reveal the specific conserved motifs and gene structures of each subfamily member, and there exist a certain degree of similarities in the conserved motifs and gene structure between the closely related family members. Subsequently, the search for cis-acting elements of gene promoters found CtWD40-specific promoter elements, revealing the metabolic pathways which may involve. Next, enrichment of function analysis was employed to analyze the functional categories and cellular localization of the CtWD40 protein. Furthermore, the interactions between CtWD40 proteins predicted its potential regulatory function. Finally, 19 members of the safflower CtWD40 subfamily were analyzed by qRT-PCR, the result showed the expression patterns of these members were different in diverse tissue and flowering period. This study provides a basis for the functional and expression research of the CtWD40 genes.
Subject(s)
Carthamus tinctorius , Computational Biology , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genome, Plant , Multigene Family , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Transcription Factors , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To study the influences of mental disorders on female systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and analyze the factors. Methods We used symptom check list -90 (SCL-90) as a basis for judging mental disorders disease activity. Disease activity, social support and depreciation - discrimination were used as possible influencing factors. Social support and discomfort – discrimination were possible influencing factors. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental disorders. Results The total score of SCL-90 of patients with female SLE was significantly higher than that of norm models ［(136.39±48.66) vs (129.96±38.76)］ (P<0.05), in 289 SLE patients, the number of patients with mental disorders was 128 (44.3%). High monthly income(OR=0.770, 95% CI:0.604-0.981, P=0.034) was a protective factor for mental disorders. High disease activity (OR=1.792, 95% CI:1.023-3.138, P=0.042)and high discomfort–discrimination (OR=1.100, 95% CI:1.035-1.169, P=0.002)were risk factors for mental disorders. Conclusions Female SLE patients have a higher risk of mental disorders than the general population. And eliminating self-depreciation, reducing social discrimination, active employment, increasing monthly income, standardizing treatment and reducing disease activity may effectively alleviate mental disorders in SLE patients.
ABSTRACT
To clone bHLH( basic helix-loop-helix) gene from Carthamus tinctorius,analyze the expression level in different plant tissues and construct the plant expression vector. The bHLH1 gene was cloned by RT-PCR techniques,and the protein characteristics were analyzed by bioinformatics,and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The expression of bHLH1 gene in different tissues and the roots after inoculated by Fusarium oxysporum were analyzed using real time-PCR,and the plant expression vector p BASTA-bHLH1 was constructed. The obtained ORF sequence of bHLH1 gene was 897 bp,encoded a protein of 298 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that C. tinctorius bHLH1 had a certain homology with other species of amino acids,and was the most similar to the amino acid sequence of tobacco. Real-time PCR results showed significant differences,CtbHLH1 gene in red flower petals in different tissues and different flowering period had remarkable difference in expression level,its high amount expressed in petals,flowers third day after blossom expressed the highest quantity,at the end of the flowering the expression quantity is low. In addition,it is expressed in the root,and the expression in the stem and leaves is extremely low. The bHLH1 gene of C. tinctorius is successfully cloned,and the expression is analyzed. The plant expression vector p BASTA-bHLH is constructed.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors , Genetics , Carthamus tinctorius , Genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Flowers , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genetic Vectors , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expressions of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in hippocampus of epileptic rats and to investigate the pathogenesis of SphK1 and S1PR2 in epilepsy.@*METHODS@#One hundred and eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (n=48) and pilocarpine (PILO) group (n=60). A robust convulsive status epilepticus (SE) was induced in PILO group rats by the application of pilocarpine. Control group rats were injected with respective of physiological saline. Pilocarpine group was randomly divided into 6 subgroups (n=8): acute group (E6 h, E1 d, E3 d), latent group (E7 d) and chronic group (E30 d, E56 d). Each subgroup has 8 control rats and 8 epileptic rats. Hippocampal tissue and brain slices were obtained from control rats and rats subjected to the Li-PILO model of epilepsy at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d,7 d,30 d and 56 d after status epilepticus (SE). Western blot technique was used to determine the expressions of SphK1 and S1PR2 in hippocampus at different point of time after pilocarpine treatment. Immunofluorescence was applied to detect the activation and proliferation of hippocampal astrocytes and the localization of SphK1 and S1PR2 in rat hippocampal astrocytes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, the levels of SphK1 in acute phase (E3 d), latent phase (E7 d) and chronic phase (E30 d, E56 d) were significantly increased while the expressions of S1PR2 were decreased in acute phase (E3 d), latent phase (E7 d) and chronic phase (E30 d, E56 d)(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Immunofluorescence results showed astrocyte activation and proliferation in hippocampus of epileptic (E7 d) rats (P＜0.05). Confocal microscopy confirmed the preferential expressions of SphK1 and S1PR2 in epileptic rat(E7 d)hippocampal astrocytes.@*CONCLUSION@#The results indicate that SphK1 and S1PR2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating the activation and proliferation of hippocampal astrocytes and altering neuronal excitability.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Astrocytes , Epilepsy , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) , Metabolism , Pilocarpine , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Lysosphingolipid , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb and hand function after stroke. Methods:A patient after right basal ganglia hemorrhage accepted intermittent routine rehabilitation for more than three months, and did not satisfy in upper limb and hand function recovery. Then, he accepted rTMS combined with MT for six weeks. He was assessed with Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, limb function evaluation of hemiplegia, modified Ashworth Scale, modified Barthel Index, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test before and after treatment. Results:The patient improved in motor function, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test, with spasm relief after treatment. Conclusion:rTMS combined with MT can be applied for rehabilitation of upper limbs and hands after stroke.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb and hand function after stroke. Methods:A patient after right basal ganglia hemorrhage accepted intermittent routine rehabilitation for more than three months, and did not satisfy in upper limb and hand function recovery. Then, he accepted rTMS combined with MT for six weeks. He was assessed with Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, limb function evaluation of hemiplegia, modified Ashworth Scale, modified Barthel Index, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test before and after treatment. Results:The patient improved in motor function, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test, with spasm relief after treatment. Conclusion:rTMS combined with MT can be applied for rehabilitation of upper limbs and hands after stroke.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To clone CtWD40 transcription factors (TFs) and analyze its expression level in different tissues of Carthamus tinctorius and relationship with the content of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA). Methods: CtWD40 gene was obtained by cloning the WD40 candidate gene from transcriptome of C. tinctorius as reference. Its conserved domain, three-dimensional structure and phylogeny analysis were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The CtWD40 expression pattern was also analyzed by qRT-PCR method, in the same time, HSYA content in different petals were analyzed by HPLC. Results: Gene sequence of CtWD40 was obtained and eight conserved WD domains were found in CtWD40 gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CtWD40 had a closed homology with WD40 from composite plants. Conclusion: The expression of CtWD40 gene was first increased and then decreased in petal tissues of different flowering stages.Pearson coefficient revealed significant correlation between CtWD40 expression and HSYA content in C. tinctorius petal.
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Objective·To analyze the basic medical insurance policies for children in Shanghai in 2011 and 2017, and compare with those of the other three municipalities to understand the basic medical security status of children in four municipalities in China and analyze the existing problems. Methods?·?The current effective children's basic medical insurance policies and child critical illness insurance policies and related insurance systems in four municipalities were collected systematically. The types of basic medical insurance for children in various municipalities and their funding standards, their own expenses and the proportion of government subsidies, the proportion of outpatient emergency payoff lines and reimbursement at all levels of medical institutions, and the coverage and coverage of major illness insurance reimbursement were collected and compared mainly. Results?·?The basic medical insurance for children in Shanghai is a "double insurance" system, which contained children's hospitalization fund and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The basic medical insurance for children in other municipalities mainly consisted of basic medical insurance for urban (rural) residents. Compared with 2011, the level of financing and the reimbursement of the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and of the children's hospitalization fund in Shanghai in 2017 was increased. In 2017, the level of financing of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Shanghai was 1?100 yuan, which was slightly lower than that of Beijing medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance and was higher than that of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Tianjin and Chongqing, and the individual payment level of Shanghai was the lowest. The hospitalization payoff lines in Shanghai were lower than those of other municipalities. Shanghai's outpatient and inpatient reimbursement levels were higher those of than other municipalities. There wasn't a capping line in Shanghai. There were capping lines in other municipalities. There was a great difference in the insurance policy of the major diseases in four municipalities. Conclusion?·?According to their own actual conditions, models for children's medical care systems that suited each municipalities’ social and economic development have been established. Shanghai children's basic medical insurance basically meets the needs of children's growth but needs improvement in terms of the type and level of medical security for major illnesses.
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Objective • To analyze the basic medical insurance policies for children in Shanghai in 2011 and 2017, and compare with those of the other three municipalities to understand the basic medical security status of children in four municipalities in China and analyze the existing problems. Methods • The current effective children's basic medical insurance policies and child critical illness insurance policies and related insurance systems in four municipalities were collected systematically. The types of basic medical insurance for children in various municipalities and their funding standards, their own expenses and the proportion of government subsidies, the proportion of outpatient emergency payoff lines and reimbursement at all levels of medical institutions, and the coverage and coverage of major illness insurance reimbursement were collected and compared mainly. Results • The basic medical insurance for children in Shanghai is a "double insurance" system, which contained children's hospitalization fund and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The basic medical insurance for children in other municipalities mainly consisted of basic medical insurance for urban (rural) residents. Compared with 2011, the level of financing and the reimbursement of the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and of the children's hospitalization fund in Shanghai in 2017 was increased. In 2017, the level of financing of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Shanghai was 1 100 yuan, which was slightly lower than that of Beijing medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance and was higher than that of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Tianjin and Chongqing, and the individual payment level of Shanghai was the lowest. The hospitalization payoff lines in Shanghai were lower than those of other municipalities. Shanghai's outpatient and inpatient reimbursement levels were higher those of than other municipalities. There wasn't a capping line in Shanghai. There were capping lines in other municipalities. There was a great difference in the insurance policy of the major diseases in four municipalities. Conclusion • According to their own actual conditions, models for children's medical care systems that suited each municipalities' social and economic development have been established. Shanghai children's basic medical insurance basically meets the needs of children's growth but needs improvement in terms of the type and level of medical security for major illnesses.
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Objective This research aimed to analyze transcription factors (TFs) and their expression level in different tissues of Carthamus tinctorius. Methods Seed, leaf and petal transcriptome were analyzed by Solexa sequencing and assembled into Unigene. TFs were obtained according to Nr database. Gene expression, conservative Motif and evolutionary tree of MYB family were analyzed. Results A total of 731 transcription factors belong to 42 transcription factor family were obtained. Furthermore, MYB expressed differently in corolla when contrast to seed and leaf. There are three conserved protein domains in MYB family and MYB family was clustered into two subfamilies based on phylogenetic tree results. Conclusion TF families of MADs-box, WRKY, MYB and AP2 were differentially expressed significantly in various tissue samples and MYB TF family are conserved.